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Motherhood In Crises


How can we provide better health for our children? This is the question every responsible parent wants to be answered. The importance of breastfeeding in rural areas and urban areas in Nepal is well identified, but least consensus exists about its practice in urban areas. A study entitled “Knowledge and Practice on Breastfeeding among Mothers of Infants” shows that in urban parts only 20.8% mothers exclusively breastfeed their infant compared to 52.6% in rural Nepal. 


      In last decades of 19th century many research reveals the association of breastfeeding with child neurological health. Then, Doctors and health advisors began to emphasize a fact that parenthood can uplift infant physical as well as mental health and reduce infant mortality rate, if paid proper consideration on breast feeding. Though breastfeeding was traditionally grounded practice in Nepalese society it also got scientific base after such researches.  Consequently public too started realizing the benefit of breastfeeding. But this realization alone couldn’t enforce mothers to practice breastfeeding. Many Nepalese women, especially in urban Nepal undergo dilemma to choose between ‘motherhood’ and ‘partly parenthood’ as they are bound to earn for their living also.

Breastfeeding and Mental health 

Evolutionary theory is always plagued by sensible question whether being geniuses is inborn or circumstantial. Every instance biochemist and neuroscientist are endeavoring to figure out precise link between breastfeeding and neurological development. Till now research has revealed the presence of fatty acids in mother milk may influence infant mental aspect. Using this deduction as hypothesis, a crew of inquisitive scientists conducted research to assert the influence of mother’s milk on children brain development. Under the  leadership of Federal University of Pelotas,  Brazilian researcher  conduct  follow up study of 3500 infant from 1982 research  and found that breastfed infant had  grown up with more IQ, performing  better in academic ground and also had higher earning.  Findings of this research issued in the Lancet Global Health journal even interpreted that “Breastfeeding is associated with improved performance in intelligence tests 30 years later, and might have an important effect in real life, by increasing educational attainment and income in adulthood.”

Similarly  in case of nursing mother, breastfeeding defense breast cancer and may possibly protect from ovarian cancer also. Epidemiological and biological  research has made quite scientific deduction that  rising  up worldwide breastfeeding practice could avert 823000 annual deaths rate of infant below 5 years  and 20000 annual deaths from  breast cancer.

Problems 
Shifting attitude of Nepalese women can be viewed at micro and macro level behavioral choice that highly occurred after 1990s. In Kathmandu today many mothers prefer formula feeding over breast feeding. In micro level this preference is partly peddled by women’s over concern to their physical figure and to some extend the influencing promissory advertisement of chemical industry also manipulate mothers to choose their products. And in Macro level, woman individualism and career opportunity comes across her maternal responsibilities. Which also promotes working mother’s tendency to seek  excuses for not breastfeeding  Some female activist, particularly radical feminist  consider breast feeding as patriarchal policy to force women inside household chores. Women activists should understand that biologically breast feeding job falls under women compulsion because they are the one who conceive child and naturally produce milk for them. 

Of course breast feeding has nutritional and immune benefit. Additionally, it gives platform for mothers to be close to her baby, beside motherhood in itself is its own reward.  And at this point some feminist claims will turn against passionate mothers. When female activist impose individualism to sympathize rural mothers for their choice, they often mock the value of motherhood. Because when they declare breastfeeding as patriarchal politics to confine women within home,  on one hand they discourage working mothers form breastfeeding  and also snatch sense of satisfaction, a non-working mother feel when she passionately  breastfeed and nurture her child. And most importantly on other hand   they undermine silent revolution against patriarchy, which is workplace policy and organizational change need to happen soon. Since discouraging breastfeeding will not motivate institutional change. 

Sustainable Solution 
Today why is breast regarded as sex object rather than source of nutrition for children? These fashion industry and marketing corporations have succeed in  objectifying woman’s breast as a result many Nepalese women feel uncomfortable to breastfed in public.   And in some case women themselves are objectifying their breast, as when any mother  choose formula feeding for reason  of being disfigured by practicing breastfeeding.  However, it will be wrong to put all blame on mothers only. Instead, we should enforce authority to amend underlying malfunctions triggering poor breastfeeding practice in urban areas , such as  ; uncompromising workplace principles, erotic social psychology towards women’s body, over exaggerated individualism  and also young women’s over concern to their body shape.

And to the end these discussion on individualism and patriarchal domination  will become worthless when some poor working mother explains her decision to bottle feeding, or similarly when other deprived non-working mother happily justifies reasons for breastfeeding her baby. Instead of criticizing, if female activists try to promote breastfeeding practice as productive work , circumstance  for its successful integration can be reinforced. These reinforcement includes private and government sector hiring women employee should ensure ‘Right to motherhood’ by introducing some new strategies like; payment during pregnancy leave, nursing breaks, and other mother-friendly policies. This may be too expansive for workplace to implement at once, yet they should ponder over it. 

However,  if this debate settles down, the other day some new  “ism” will appear to criticize breastfeeding.  Theorist always exist on base of such argument and criticism so they will figure out one way or another to criticize on  everything.  Neither we need to linger on findings of any research to prove the benefits of breastfeeding nor we are compelled to abide by feminist or individualist view about breastfeeding.  Because breastfeeding is not a sacrifice or surrender , it’s just a unanimous biotic responsibility practiced by all mammals. These hypercritical arguments will foster  prejudice in female which ultimately puts gender ego over motherhood resulting vicious-circle.   By practicing breastfeeding mothers will lose nothing but ignoring it may cost  a lot, so ‘Better safe than sorry’. 

--A version of this article appears in print in The Rising Nepal

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